Tag Archives: Birth Control

Birth Control What You Need to Know

What Are the Different Types of Birth Control?

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The decision to begin birth control is one of the most important decisions a woman can make for her health. While many think of birth control as simply a form of pregnancy prevention, it can also be used for a range of other gynecological issues, such as endometriosis and ovarian cysts. Before you make your birth control decision, it is important to review information about the types of birth control available to you, their various effects, and when to see your doctor to help you select the best option for your needs.

If you’re looking for a birth control option that fits your lifestyle, you’re not alone. A 2020 study by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) reported that between 2017 and 2019, 65.3% of US women between the ages of 15 and 49 were using contraception. (Daniels et al., 2020) This shows that the majority of women will use contraception at least once in their lives, and the importance of understanding the various contraceptive options can’t be underestimated.

At Arizona Gynecology Consultants, we are dedicated to providing patients with the education they need to make informed decisions about their healthcare, including contraception. Whether you are just beginning to explore birth control or you’d like to change your current method, our personalized care approach ensures that we understand your needs so we can help you choose the right contraceptive for you. Learn more about why birth control is so important and the options available to you.

Why Birth Control Matters

For most people, birth control is a crucial family planning resource to help prevent pregnancy; however, birth control has many other proven uses besides contraception. Women all over the world use birth control to address or ease other gynecological conditions.

The National Library of Medicine lists these common issues that can be addressed, at least in part, with the use of one or more types of birth control: (Bansode et al., 2023)

  • Painful menstrual cramps
  • Endometriosis
  • Amenorrhea
  • Premenstrual syndrome
  • Primary ovarian insufficiency
  • Heavy menstrual bleeding
  • Hormonal imbalance causing acne
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome

It is also important to note that regardless of the reason you are considering birth control, contraceptives are a crucial way to take control of your own health. Whether you are reproductive planning or addressing a woman’s health condition, birth control can help you maintain autonomy while taking steps to ensure optimal gynecological health.

Birth Control Options

Birth Control Options

Your options for birth control are as varied and unique as you are. There are hormonal methods, non-hormonal methods, natural strategies, and even permanent solutions. Each of the options available has both strengths and drawbacks and can vary in terms of effectiveness. Learning some critical information about each method can help you choose the best option for you.

Hormonal Birth Control Methods

Many birth control methods prevent pregnancy by modulating important women’s hormones, primarily estrogen and progestin. They work by increasing the effects of these hormones on the body, either preventing egg release, blocking the travel of sperm to the egg, thickening cervical mucus, or thinning the lining of the uterus.

While all of these methods have been proven to be effective in preventing pregnancy, it’s important to consider their benefits and drawbacks before choosing:

The Pill

Birth control pills are daily oral hormones used to prevent ovulation. While some contain both estrogen and progestin, others contain progestin only. There are a variety of birth control pills on the market, all considered highly effective at preventing pregnancy and potentially offering other gynecological benefits like shorter periods. The downside of birth control pills is that you must commit to taking them regularly, and they may have some minor side effects. In addition, pills do not prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

The Patch

The birth control patch is a small patch placed on the skin that releases hormonal birth control through the skin and into the bloodstream. It is also a highly effective form of birth control with benefits such as lighter periods and ease of use. While it only needs to be changed weekly, poor compliance can lead to pregnancy. As with the pill, the patch doesn’t protect against STIs.

Vaginal Rings

Like the patch, vaginal rings release hormones into the bloodstream to exert hormonal birth control effects. Unlike the pill or the patch, a vaginal ring must be removed and replaced on a monthly basis, which makes it a more convenient form of birth control. Vaginal rings may also help regulate periods, reduce cramping, and improve acne. The downside of vaginal rings is that some women have reported spotting and discomfort when inserting the device.

Depo-Provera

The Depo shot, or Depo-Provera shot is a progestin-only hormone method that is injected intramuscularly. The effects of the shot last for 12-15 weeks, which makes it more convenient than the pill, patch, or ring. This is a highly effective form of contraception that may also regulate periods and is safe for breastfeeding mothers. One disadvantage is that Depo-Provera may delay fertilization after you cease use and are ready to get pregnant and may also cause irregular bleeding.

Hormonal IUDs

Hormonal IUDs are the longest-lasting form of hormonal contraception. Many women choose this option as it is highly effective at preventing pregnancy and requires almost no upkeep, but it is also reversible. An IUD is a small device that is inserted into the uterus to prevent fertilization, and those with hormones can add another layer of protection. While a hormonal IUD can last up to ten years, some side effects associated with IUDs are spotting, hormonal changes, and irregular bleeding.

Non-Hormonal Birth Control Methods

Non-hormonal methods of birth control are just what they sound like – they do not contain hormones and instead work by physically blocking the travel of sperm to the egg, disabling sperm altogether, or creating an unfriendly environment for sperm. Women who want to maintain their normal menstrual cycle and those who are sensitive to hormones may prefer non-hormonal methods.

The most common non-hormonal methods of contraception include:

Copper IUD

A copper IUD is an intrauterine device like the hormonal IUD, but it releases copper instead of hormones. The IUD placement makes it difficult for the sperm to reach the egg, while the copper creates a hostile environment for the sperm, preventing fertilization. Copper IUDs are considered highly effective and can last up to ten years. Some women may experience heavy periods and bleeding in between periods.

Condoms

Condoms are one of the most common forms of contraception and can also be used in conjunction with other methods to protect against STIs and STDs. Condoms create a physical barrier between the penis and the vagina, preventing sperm from entering the vaginal canal and also preventing the spread of STIs. However, condoms must be used correctly and consistently, and the error rate is higher than with other forms of birth control. Some people note that condoms may also reduce sensation during sexual intercourse.

Spermicide

Spermicides are chemicals that are inserted into the uterus, killing or immobilizing sperm. They are most effective when used with other forms of contraception. Although spermicides are convenient to use and readily available, they have relatively low effectiveness rates compared to other forms of birth control and do not prevent STIs or STDs.

Diaphragm

A diaphragm is a cup that is placed over the cervix, acting as a physical barrier that prevents sperm from reaching the uterus. Women who want a long-term birth control option without hormones may choose a diaphragm, as they are reusable and effective. However, diaphragms are only at their most effective when used with a spermicide. Diaphragms can be uncomfortable, must be consistently used, and should be fitted by a doctor.

Permanent Birth Control Options

Permanent methods of birth control are typically chosen by women who have passed their childbearing years or those who do not wish to become pregnant again. Also referred to as sterilization, these methods are often irreversible, so it is important to be certain about your decision before choosing these options. Even though they require surgery, most permanent birth control options are minimally invasive and often done laparoscopically.

Tubal Ligation

Tubal ligation is a surgery that involves clamping, tying, or blocking a woman’s fallopian tubes, which are the channels that carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus for fertilization. While the result is similar, tubal ligation should be distinguished from salpingectomy, which involves removing the fallopian tubes altogether. Tubal ligation is nearly 100% effective but can be expensive without insurance.

Vasectomy

Besides condoms, a vasectomy is the only birth control option that can be employed exclusively by male partners. A vasectomy is a surgery that involves a doctor removing or sealing the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles. For a vasectomy to be most effective, other forms of contraception should be used until a doctor verifies there are no sperm left. This procedure is nearly 100% effective and minimally invasive.

Natural Methods

Natural methods are for women or men who prefer a contraceptive method without intrusion or doctor interference. These methods do not involve pills, surgeries, devices, or barriers. While they are without side effects, they are the least effective forms of birth control.

The two main natural methods of birth control include:

Fertility Awareness

Fertility awareness simply involves a woman and/or her partner tracking ovulation and checking for signs of fertility to avoid pregnancy. Women may use a calendar, apps, or other methods to track ovulation and avoid sex during the most fertile days. This method may be effective, but only with accuracy and consistency. It also may not work for women who experience irregular periods.

Withdrawal Method

The withdrawal method, or “pulling out,” is typically the least effective of all birth control methods. It involves a man withdrawing his penis as he senses ejaculation is imminent. If done properly, the withdrawal method prohibits the sperm from entering a woman’s vagina. It does not, however, protect against STIs, and it can be risky if other factors, such as alcohol or drugs, are involved.

Choosing the Right Method

Birth control can provide women with control and freedom over their reproductive health, but it must be used accurately, consistently, and wisely. For the best results, it is important to choose the right method for you. Factors that should be considered when choosing the right birth control method are your lifestyle, health history, and, of course, personal preference.

Your doctor is an excellent resource for determining which method is best for you. At your consultation appointment, be sure to inform your doctor of any lifestyle and health history factors. For example, if you are allergic or hypersensitive to hormones, your doctor should know this to avoid suggesting hormonal methods. Likewise, if you have trouble staying on a schedule, your doctor may discourage the pill and offer an IUD as an option instead.

Myths and Misconceptions

Myths and Misconceptions

There are several myths and misconceptions regarding birth control.

Birth Control Causes Infertility

One of the most commonly held misconceptions is that birth control causes infertility. While some hormonal methods, such as Depo-Provera, may delay fertilization, they do not stop it completely, and the delay is not significant.

A study regarding the resuming of fertility after discontinuing birth control published in Contraception and Reproductive Medicine debunks this myth. In fact, it posits that birth control does not negatively affect women’s ability to conceive once use is terminated. (Girum & Wasie, 2023)

Birth Control Side Effects Are Significant

Another myth is that birth control has severe side effects. While some hormonal methods may cause minor side effects like nausea, headache, spotting, or blood clots, they are generally deemed safe. For most people, minor side effects are considered a more desirable alternative to pregnancy or the effects of most women’s health issues.

It is important to discuss these concerns with your doctor and notify them of any pre-existing conditions so they can recommend the safest and most effective option for you.

When to See a Gynecologist

Most birth control methods can be managed by the patient without substantial physician support. However, for most women, it is wise to consult with your doctor as you embark on your contraceptive journey.

For example, you may need a birth control prescription or may need an in-office procedure to change a device. You should also see your gynecologist if you notice any significant changes in your symptoms, experience persistent side effects or are planning to switch methods.

Arizona Gynecology Consultants Can Help

Arizona Gynecology Consultants Can Help

Arizona Gynecology Consultants is a team of compassionate medical professionals dedicated to treating the whole woman no matter where you are on your reproductive journey. Important life decisions like choosing a birth control method can feel overwhelming, but being armed with the right information can help you feel comfortable and confident in your choice. We are proud to provide help at all stages of your contraceptive decision, from information and education to implementation and everywhere in between.

Whether you have questions about birth control or are looking to get started with a specific method, contact us today to schedule a consultation with a provider.

*This article was originally posted Jun 9, 2017 and was updated May 27, 2025.

Sources:

  1. Daniels, K., & Abma, J. (2020, December 8). Current Contraceptive Status Among Women Aged 15–49: United States, 2017–2019. Www.cdc.gov. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db388.htm
  2. ?Bansode, O. M., Sarao, M. S., & Cooper, D. B. (2023). Contraception. PubMed; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536949/
  3. ?Cleveland Clinic. (2022, August 18). Birth Control Options & types: Risks & Effectiveness. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/11427-birth-control-options